After the Ottoman conquest of the city in 1453, Istanbul underwent a dramatic transformation. The making of the new capital was crucial to Ottoman state-building and the centralization policies initiated by Mehmed II and subsequent Ottoman sultans. However, not everyone was happy with Istanbul’s new centrality. By the 1470s, opposition to Istanbul as the capital emerged within Ottoman society, finding expression in apocalyptic narratives. In an anonymous Ottoman chronicle written in the late 15th century, agriculture and agricultural metaphors are invoked in arguments about Istanbul’s unsuitability as a capital; Istanbul is characterized as an ecologically unstable and unproductive space, prone to natural disasters and decay. As if in reaction to this, in the following decades the rebuilding of Istanbul would incorporate agriculture into the city’s very foundation: produce gardens (bostans) would come to be seen as a metaphor for the city itself as a flourishing, nutritive, and productive space, with techniques of urban farming likened to the techniques of political power.